lý thuyết

STT

Các dạng đảo ngữ

Công thức

Ví dụ

1

Các cụm từ có NO

No/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ

She did not shed a tear when the story ended in a tragedy.

= > Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in a tragedy.

At no time = Never = Under/In no circumstances

(không bao giờ/ không dưới bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào)

He never suspected that his girlfriend was an enemy spy.

= > At no time did he suspect that his girlfriend was an enemy spy.

By no means

(không có đời nào/ tuyệt nhiên không)

She can’t be poor. She only pretends to be.

= > By no means is she poor. She only pretends to be.

For no reason

(không vì lí do gì)

We will never surrender

= > For no reason will we surrender.

In no way

(không đời nào)

I couldn’t believe in a ridiculous story.

= > In no way could I believe in a ridiculous story.

On no condition = On no account  +

Trợ động từ + S + Động từ

(dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)

(Account = reason : lý do)

You couldn’t be late for the exam

= > On no account could you be late for the exam.

No longer (không còn nữa)

He does not make mistakes any longer

= > No longer does he make mistakes.

No where + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ

(không nơi nào, không ở đâu)

The key can’t be found in anywhere

No where can the keys be found.

2

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định

Never, Rarely= Seldom ( hiếm khi), Little= Hardly= Scarcely= Barely (hầu như không), ,...

He hardly knew the truth

= >Little did he know the truth.

I have never been in such an embarrassing situation.

= > Never in my life have I been in such an embarrassing situation.

3

Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only after + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V

(chỉ sau khi)

I realized how important my family played a role in my life only after I had left home

= > Only after I had left home did I realize how important my family played a role in my life.

Only after + N + Trợ động từ + S + V

(chỉ sau khi)

He took over the company only after his father's retirement

= > Only after his father's retirement did he take over the company.

Only by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ bằng cách)

You can pass the exam only by studying hard

= > Only by studying hard can you pass the exam.

Only if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ nếu)

I will tell you about it only if you promise to keep secret

= > Only if you promise to keep secret will I tell you about it.

Only when + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ khi)

you can understand this matter only when you grow up

= > Only when you grow up can you understand this matter.

Only with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ với)

we can manage only with your help

= > Only with your help can we manage

Only once ( chỉ một lần)/ Only later (chỉ sau đó) / Only in this way/ Only then (chỉ sau đó) + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

I have met her only once

= > Only once have I met her.

I realized I was wrong only later

= > Only later did I realize I was wrong.

4

Hardly

No sooner

Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S +

Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn)

= No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + V (quá khứ đơn)

(Ngay khi/vừa mới... thì)

I had Hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.

= > Hardly had I gone to bed when the telephone rang.

= No sooner had I gone to bed than the telephone rang.

5

Not only … but also

Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ (không những... mà còn)

she not only sings beautifully but she also learns well.

= > Not only does she sing beautifully but also she learns well.

6

So/Such ... that

So + Tính từ + trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + that + clause

Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + such + that + clause

 Such + (a/ an) + Adj + N + V-tobe (chia) + S + that + S + V (chia)

(quá... đến nỗi mà)

she is So beautiful that many boys run after her.

= > So beautiful is she that many boys run after her.

he worked So hard that he forgot his lunch.

= > So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch.

 Such was her anger that she broke the vase.

Such is a difficult option that I can’t choose it.

It was Such a beautiful day that we could not just stay inside the house.

= > Such a beautiful day was it that we could not just stay inside the house.

7

Not until/ Not till

Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

(mãi đến khi)

He did not come home until /till midnight

= Not until/till midnight did he come home.

I did not know how to ride a bike until/ till I was 8  

= > Not until/till I was 8 did I know how to ride a bike.

8

Neither

Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

There is neither excitement nor entertainment in this small town.

= >Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town.

9

Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

(chú ý: chỉ đảo trợ động từ + không đảo not lên trước)

Câu điều kiện loại 1:

Should + S+V, V + O /S + will, can... + V

(dùng should thay if + biến động từ sau if về dạng nguyên mẫu v0)

If he comes, please tell him to see me.

= > Should he come, please tell him to see me.

Câu điêu kiện loại 2:

Were + S + (to V) + ..., S + would/could + V

( nếu có were thì đảo were lên trước thay if)

(nếu không có were, thì dùng were thay cho if + biến động từ sau if thành to V0)

If I were you, I would apply for that job.

= > Were I you, I would apply for that job.

If I had enough money, I would buy that car.

= >Were I to have enough money, I would buy that car.

Câu điều kiện loại 3:

Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could + have + Vp2

(đảo Had lên thay cho if, không đảo not)

If the car in the front had not stopped so suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have happened.

Had the car in the front not stopped so suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have happened.

10

Although

Although/even though/though + S + V,

S +V

= Much as + S + V, S + V

= No matter what + S + V, S + V hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V

= However + adj/adv + S + V = Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S + V

= adj/adv +  as/ though +  S + V, S +V

Although the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it.

= Much as the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it.

= No matter how difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it.

= However difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it.

= Difficult as/ though the exercise is, the boys can solve it.

vd- dễ nhớ : poor as /though  he is ,he ...

11

NOR

Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

He doesn't smoke, he does not drind, either.

= He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink.

12

Đảo ngữ có SO/ NEITHER

So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ

(chú ý (kiến thức cũ): câu diễn tả tương đồng : so/ too dùng cho câu khẳng định, Nor/ Neither/ either dùng cho phủ định)

 I can't sing well, my sister can not , either.

= I can't sing well, neither can my sister.

He loves football, I do, too

=He loves football, so do I.

13

Đảo ngữ với các cụm giới từ chỉ phương hướng/ nơi chốn

Adv of place + V + S

Riêng đối với đảo ngữ có giới từ: đảo trực tiếp động từ ; không mượn trợ động từ

a bus stop is Near my house

= Near my house is a bus stop.

A man with a gun stood In the doorway

= In the doorway stood a man with a gun.

14

Đảo ngữ với cụm phân từ

Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + be + S

 my sister came first in the race

= Coming first in the race was my sister.

Situated in the central mountains of Alaska is a peak named Denali.